July 21, 2015

From Gary... Dual citizenship

I am an American, a citizen of The United States of America. Even with this country's faults, it is still a great place to live. Even the poorest among us are still envied in many nations on this planet.  The problems that we currently have could be fixed if we can somehow summon the political will to make it happen. We have choices and responsibilities- Let us make the right ones, so that our country can progress towards true greatness!!! Those of us who call ourselves Christian should remember that we are a special people because of Jesus and should act like God would want us to. Remember this passage from the book of 1st Peter???...
1 Peter, Chapter 2 (WEB)
 9 But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, that you may proclaim the excellence of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light:  10 who in time past were no people, but now are God’s people, who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.  11 Beloved, I beg you as foreigners and pilgrims, to abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;  12 having good behavior among the nations, so in that of which they speak against you as evildoers, they may by your good works, which they see, glorify God in the day of visitation.  13 Therefore subject yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether to the king, as supreme;  14 or to governors, as sent by him for vengeance on evildoers and for praise to those who do well.  15 For this is the will of God, that by well-doing you should put to silence the ignorance of foolish men:  16 as free, and not using your freedom for a cloak of wickedness, but as bondservants of God.
Christians: We have a dual citizenship and first we must submit ourselves to God and then to the will of the government. In these difficult times we need to remember these things. Welcome to The United States of America; the home of the free because of the brave!!! A place where many, many, faithful Christians still call home!!! Lets all work together to make it better!!!

From Gary... Bible Reading July 21





Bible Reading  
July 21

The World English Bible



July 21
1 Chronicles 24-26

1Ch 24:1 These were the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron: Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
1Ch 24:2 But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and had no children: therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest's office.
1Ch 24:3 David with Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, divided them according to their ordering in their service.
1Ch 24:4 There were more chief men found of the sons of Eleazar than of the sons of Ithamar; and thus were they divided: of the sons of Eleazar there were sixteen, heads of fathers' houses; and of the sons of Ithamar, according to their fathers' houses, eight.
1Ch 24:5 Thus were they divided impartially by drawing lots; for there were princes of the sanctuary, and princes of God, both of the sons of Eleazar, and of the sons of Ithamar.
1Ch 24:6 Shemaiah the son of Nethanel the scribe, who was of the Levites, wrote them in the presence of the king, and the princes, and Zadok the priest, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the priests and of the Levites; one fathers' house being taken for Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar.
1Ch 24:7 Now the first lot came forth to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah,
1Ch 24:8 the third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim,
1Ch 24:9 the fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin,
1Ch 24:10 the seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah,
1Ch 24:11 the ninth to Jeshua, the tenth to Shecaniah,
1Ch 24:12 the eleventh to Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim,
1Ch 24:13 the thirteenth to Huppah, the fourteenth to Jeshebeab,
1Ch 24:14 the fifteenth to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer,
1Ch 24:15 the seventeenth to Hezir, the eighteenth to Happizzez,
1Ch 24:16 the nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth to Jehezkel,
1Ch 24:17 the twenty-first to Jachin, the twenty-second to Gamul,
1Ch 24:18 the twenty-third to Delaiah, the twenty-fourth to Maaziah.
1Ch 24:19 This was the ordering of them in their service, to come into the house of Yahweh according to the ordinance given to them by Aaron their father, as Yahweh, the God of Israel, had commanded him.
1Ch 24:20 Of the rest of the sons of Levi: of the sons of Amram, Shubael; of the sons of Shubael, Jehdeiah.
1Ch 24:21 Of Rehabiah: of the sons of Rehabiah, Isshiah the chief.
1Ch 24:22 Of the Izharites, Shelomoth; of the sons of Shelomoth, Jahath.
1Ch 24:23 The sons of Hebron: Jeriah the chief, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, Jekameam the fourth.
1Ch 24:24 The sons of Uzziel, Micah; of the sons of Micah, Shamir.
1Ch 24:25 The brother of Micah, Isshiah; of the sons of Isshiah, Zechariah.
1Ch 24:26 The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi; the sons of Jaaziah: Beno.
1Ch 24:27 The sons of Merari: of Jaaziah, Beno, and Shoham, and Zaccur, and Ibri.
1Ch 24:28 Of Mahli: Eleazar, who had no sons.
1Ch 24:29 Of Kish; the sons of Kish: Jerahmeel.
1Ch 24:30 The sons of Mushi: Mahli, and Eder, and Jerimoth. These were the sons of the Levites after their fathers' houses.
1Ch 24:31 These likewise cast lots even as their brothers the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and Ahimelech, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the priests and of the Levites; the fathers' houses of the chief even as those of his younger brother.
1Ch 25:1 Moreover, David and the captains of the army set apart for the service certain of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun, who should prophesy with harps, with stringed instruments, and with cymbals: and the number of those who did the work according to their service was:
1Ch 25:2 of the sons of Asaph: Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asharelah, the sons of Asaph, under the hand of Asaph, who prophesied after the order of the king.
1Ch 25:3 Of Jeduthun; the sons of Jeduthun: Gedaliah, and Zeri, and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six, under the hands of their father Jeduthun with the harp, who prophesied in giving thanks and praising Yahweh.
1Ch 25:4 Of Heman; the sons of Heman: Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamti-Ezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, Mahazioth.
1Ch 25:5 All these were the sons of Heman the king's seer in the words of God, to lift up the horn. God gave to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.
1Ch 25:6 All these were under the hands of their father for song in the house of Yahweh, with cymbals, stringed instruments, and harps, for the service of the house of God; Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman being under the order of the king.
1Ch 25:7 The number of them, with their brothers who were instructed in singing to Yahweh, even all who were skillful, was two hundred eighty-eight.
1Ch 25:8 They cast lots for their offices, all alike, as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
1Ch 25:9 Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph: the second to Gedaliah; he and his brothers and sons were twelve:
1Ch 25:10 the third to Zaccur, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:11 the fourth to Izri, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:12 the fifth to Nethaniah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:13 the sixth to Bukkiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:14 the seventh to Jesharelah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:15 the eighth to Jeshaiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:16 the ninth to Mattaniah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:17 the tenth to Shimei, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:18 the eleventh to Azarel, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:19 the twelfth to Hashabiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:20 for the thirteenth, Shubael, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:21 for the fourteenth, Mattithiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:22 for the fifteenth to Jeremoth, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:23 for the sixteenth to Hananiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:24 for the seventeenth to Joshbekashah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:25 for the eighteenth to Hanani, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:26 for the nineteenth to Mallothi, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:27 for the twentieth to Eliathah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:28 for the one and twentieth to Hothir, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:29 for the two and twentieth to Giddalti, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:30 for the three and twentieth to Mahazioth, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
1Ch 25:31 for the four and twentieth to Romamti-Ezer, his sons and his brothers, twelve.
1Ch 26:1 For the divisions of the doorkeepers: of the Korahites, Meshelemiah the son of Kore, of the sons of Asaph.
1Ch 26:2 Meshelemiah had sons: Zechariah the firstborn, Jediael the second, Zebadiah the third, Jathniel the fourth,
1Ch 26:3 Elam the fifth, Jehohanan the sixth, Eliehoenai the seventh.
1Ch 26:4 Obed-Edom had sons: Shemaiah the firstborn, Jehozabad the second, Joah the third, and Sacar the fourth, and Nethanel the fifth,
1Ch 26:5 Ammiel the sixth, Issachar the seventh, Peullethai the eighth; for God blessed him.
1Ch 26:6 Also to Shemaiah his son were sons born, who ruled over the house of their father; for they were mighty men of valor.
1Ch 26:7 The sons of Shemaiah: Othni, and Rephael, and Obed, Elzabad, whose brothers were valiant men, Elihu, and Semachiah.
1Ch 26:8 All these were of the sons of Obed-Edom: they and their sons and their brothers, able men in strength for the service; sixty-two of Obed-Edom.
1Ch 26:9 Meshelemiah had sons and brothers, valiant men, eighteen.
1Ch 26:10 Also Hosah, of the children of Merari, had sons: Shimri the chief, (for though he was not the firstborn, yet his father made him chief),
1Ch 26:11 Hilkiah the second, Tebaliah the third, Zechariah the fourth: all the sons and brothers of Hosah were thirteen.
1Ch 26:12 Of these were the divisions of the doorkeepers, even of the chief men, having offices like their brothers, to minister in the house of Yahweh.
1Ch 26:13 They cast lots, the small as well as the great, according to their fathers' houses, for every gate.
1Ch 26:14 The lot eastward fell to Shelemiah. Then for Zechariah his son, a wise counselor, they cast lots; and his lot came out northward.
1Ch 26:15 To Obed-Edom southward; and to his sons the storehouse.
1Ch 26:16 To Shuppim and Hosah westward, by the gate of Shallecheth, at the causeway that goes up, watch against watch.
1Ch 26:17 Eastward were six Levites, northward four a day, southward four a day, and for the storehouse two and two.
1Ch 26:18 For Parbar westward, four at the causeway, and two at Parbar.
1Ch 26:19 These were the divisions of the doorkeepers; of the sons of the Korahites, and of the sons of Merari.
1Ch 26:20 Of the Levites, Ahijah was over the treasures of the house of God, and over the treasures of the dedicated things.
1Ch 26:21 The sons of Ladan, the sons of the Gershonites belonging to Ladan, the heads of the fathers' houses belonging to Ladan the Gershonite: Jehieli.
1Ch 26:22 The sons of Jehieli: Zetham, and Joel his brother, over the treasures of the house of Yahweh.
1Ch 26:23 Of the Amramites, of the Izharites, of the Hebronites, of the Uzzielites:
1Ch 26:24 and Shebuel the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, was ruler over the treasures.
1Ch 26:25 His brothers: of Eliezer came Rehabiah his son, and Jeshaiah his son, and Joram his son, and Zichri his son, and Shelomoth his son.
1Ch 26:26 This Shelomoth and his brothers were over all the treasures of the dedicated things, which David the king, and the heads of the fathers' houses, the captains over thousands and hundreds, and the captains of the army, had dedicated.
1Ch 26:27 Out of the spoil won in battles did they dedicate to repair the house of Yahweh.
1Ch 26:28 All that Samuel the seer, and Saul the son of Kish, and Abner the son of Ner, and Joab the son of Zeruiah, had dedicated, whoever had dedicated anything, it was under the hand of Shelomoth, and of his brothers.
1Ch 26:29 Of the Izharites, Chenaniah and his sons were for the outward business over Israel, for officers and judges.
1Ch 26:30 Of the Hebronites, Hashabiah and his brothers, men of valor, one thousand seven hundred, had the oversight of Israel beyond the Jordan westward, for all the business of Yahweh, and for the service of the king.
1Ch 26:31 Of the Hebronites was Jerijah the chief, even of the Hebronites, according to their generations by fathers' houses. In the fortieth year of the reign of David they were sought for, and there were found among them mighty men of valor at Jazer of Gilead.
1Ch 26:32 His brothers, men of valor, were two thousand seven hundred, heads of fathers' houses, whom king David made overseers over the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half-tribe of the Manassites, for every matter pertaining to God, and for the affairs of the king.




Jul. 20, 21
Acts 13

Act 13:1 Now in the assembly that was at Antioch there were some prophets and teachers: Barnabas, Simeon who was called Niger, Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen the foster brother of Herod the tetrarch, and Saul.
Act 13:2 As they served the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, "Separate Barnabas and Saul for me, for the work to which I have called them."
Act 13:3 Then, when they had fasted and prayed and laid their hands on them, they sent them away.
Act 13:4 So, being sent out by the Holy Spirit, they went down to Seleucia. From there they sailed to Cyprus.
Act 13:5 When they were at Salamis, they proclaimed the word of God in the Jewish synagogues. They had also John as their attendant.
Act 13:6 When they had gone through the island to Paphos, they found a certain sorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew, whose name was Bar Jesus,
Act 13:7 who was with the proconsul, Sergius Paulus, a man of understanding. This man summoned Barnabas and Saul, and sought to hear the word of God.
Act 13:8 But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn aside the proconsul from the faith.
Act 13:9 But Saul, who is also called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, fastened his eyes on him,
Act 13:10 and said, "Full of all deceit and all cunning, you son of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness, will you not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord?
Act 13:11 Now, behold, the hand of the Lord is on you, and you will be blind, not seeing the sun for a season!" Immediately a mist and darkness fell on him. He went around seeking someone to lead him by the hand.
Act 13:12 Then the proconsul, when he saw what was done, believed, being astonished at the teaching of the Lord.
Act 13:13 Now Paul and his company set sail from Paphos, and came to Perga in Pamphylia. John departed from them and returned to Jerusalem.
Act 13:14 But they, passing on from Perga, came to Antioch of Pisidia. They went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and sat down.
Act 13:15 After the reading of the law and the prophets, the rulers of the synagogue sent to them, saying, "Brothers, if you have any word of exhortation for the people, speak."
Act 13:16 Paul stood up, and beckoning with his hand said, "Men of Israel, and you who fear God, listen.
Act 13:17 The God of this people chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they stayed as aliens in the land of Egypt, and with an uplifted arm, he led them out of it.
Act 13:18 For a period of about forty years he put up with them in the wilderness.
Act 13:19 When he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, he gave them their land for an inheritance, for about four hundred fifty years.
Act 13:20 After these things he gave them judges until Samuel the prophet.
Act 13:21 Afterward they asked for a king, and God gave to them Saul the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years.
Act 13:22 When he had removed him, he raised up David to be their king, to whom he also testified, 'I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after my heart, who will do all my will.'
Act 13:23 From this man's seed, God has brought salvation to Israel according to his promise,
Act 13:24 before his coming, when John had first preached the baptism of repentance to Israel.
Act 13:25 As John was fulfilling his course, he said, 'What do you suppose that I am? I am not he. But behold, one comes after me the sandals of whose feet I am not worthy to untie.'
Act 13:26 Brothers, children of the stock of Abraham, and those among you who fear God, the word of this salvation is sent out to you.
Act 13:27 For those who dwell in Jerusalem, and their rulers, because they didn't know him, nor the voices of the prophets which are read every Sabbath, fulfilled them by condemning him.
Act 13:28 Though they found no cause for death, they still asked Pilate to have him killed.
Act 13:29 When they had fulfilled all things that were written about him, they took him down from the tree, and laid him in a tomb.
Act 13:30 But God raised him from the dead,
Act 13:31 and he was seen for many days by those who came up with him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who are his witnesses to the people.
Act 13:32 We bring you good news of the promise made to the fathers,
Act 13:33 that God has fulfilled the same to us, their children, in that he raised up Jesus. As it is also written in the second psalm, 'You are my Son. Today I have become your father.'
Act 13:34 "Concerning that he raised him up from the dead, now no more to return to corruption, he has spoken thus: 'I will give you the holy and sure blessings of David.'
Act 13:35 Therefore he says also in another psalm, 'You will not allow your Holy One to see decay.'
Act 13:36 For David, after he had in his own generation served the counsel of God, fell asleep, and was laid with his fathers, and saw decay.
Act 13:37 But he whom God raised up saw no decay.
Act 13:38 Be it known to you therefore, brothers, that through this man is proclaimed to you remission of sins,
Act 13:39 and by him everyone who believes is justified from all things, from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses.
Act 13:40 Beware therefore, lest that come on you which is spoken in the prophets:
Act 13:41 'Behold, you scoffers, and wonder, and perish; for I work a work in your days, a work which you will in no way believe, if one declares it to you.' "
Act 13:42 So when the Jews went out of the synagogue, the Gentiles begged that these words might be preached to them the next Sabbath.
Act 13:43 Now when the synagogue broke up, many of the Jews and of the devout proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas; who, speaking to them, urged them to continue in the grace of God.
Act 13:44 The next Sabbath almost the whole city was gathered together to hear the word of God.
Act 13:45 But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with jealousy, and contradicted the things which were spoken by Paul, and blasphemed.
Act 13:46 Paul and Barnabas spoke out boldly, and said, "It was necessary that God's word should be spoken to you first. Since indeed you thrust it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life, behold, we turn to the Gentiles.
Act 13:47 For so has the Lord commanded us, saying, 'I have set you as a light for the Gentiles, that you should bring salvation to the uttermost parts of the earth.' "
Act 13:48 As the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of God. As many as were appointed to eternal life believed.
Act 13:49 The Lord's word was spread abroad throughout all the region.
Act 13:50 But the Jews stirred up the devout and prominent women and the chief men of the city, and stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and threw them out of their borders.
Act 13:51 But they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came to Iconium.
Act 13:52 The disciples were filled with joy with the Holy Spirit.

From Jim McGuiggan... GOD, GUNS & BIBLE STUDIES


GOD, GUNS & BIBLE STUDIES

Whoever first said it spoke the truth: “To every complex question there’s a simple answer and it’s always wrong!” We acknowledge the truth of that every time we shake our heads when we hear someone say about some critical social problem, “All we have to do is…” .
David Hume, the 18th century Empiricist (died 1776) said what looks like complete nonsense until you give him a hearing on his empiricist terms. He said something to this effect, “We say sugar is sweet and water is wet only because we are too lazy to pursue the matter.” He insisted that we experience what we call sweetness and wetness but we don’t experience the substances themselves—what we experience is our body’s response to water and sugar. Physicist and mathematician, Bertrand Russell, said: “John Locke made Empiricism credible but inconsistent; Hume made it consistent but incredible.” Scientists continue to ignore him but they never deal with him and his work on “causation” though their entire work is built on empiricism (the witness of the physical senses).
All right, so you’ve had enough of that. Hume himself got fed up with it every now and then and, he said, he went and played backgammon with his friends. But the questions are not without interest and importance—at least some of them are important.
What’s a wooden chair made of? Wood! What’s wood made of?  Atoms! And what are atoms made of? Nucleons! And what are they made of? And on we go (beyond alleged “dark matter” and “dark energy”) until we have “string theory” as the alleged “explanation of everything.” Keep on breaking these down until there is nothing there to break down—until the ultimate form of matter no form at all—it no longer exists. It’s then that the biblical claim comes into its own—matter/energy exists as nothing other than the will of God 1.
The biblical doctrine of creation is more than that God created everything at some point called “the beginning”; its claim is that it continues to exist because he continues to will it to exist. Furthermore, he didn’t make it out of pre-existing material; he willed the material into existence and continues to will it to continue to exist. Matter doesn’t have a material basis—its existence is the result of someone willing it to exist! It’s what physicist James Jeans is said many years ago to have likened it to, the expression of a mind.
If science came up with the ultimate microscope they’d turn and look at each other and say, “There’s nothing material there to see or measure or describe.” At that point those shaped by the Hebrew—Christian Scriptures (without a sneer or a jeer, we hope) would say, “That’s because matter is the expression of God’s mind and will. He simply wills it to be and that you can’t measure with microscopes or mathematical formulations.
I mention the above only to make the point that everything, no exceptions, ends in mystery and there’s nothing more mysterious than the God who has revealed himself ultimately in the one Christians call the Lord Jesus Christ.
And why did God want there to be something (including humans) other than himself? Psalm 136 would offer the direction we should go but let me move on from there and take that for granted.
God chose to create humans. In creating humans he created them to image him. 2 It doesn’t matter that we as a human family chose not to and choose not to—as a human family that is the destiny and commission God created us with. Once more, the fact that we—as a human family—have not chosen and do not choose to live as his image does not obliterate the truth of why he created us and the commission imbedded in that creation purpose. He made us to image him whether we will do it or not!
But what kind of creature did he create when he created us? To what kind of creature did he give the destiny and commission to image him? Out of joy-filled love and fellowship in the Land of the Trinity God chose to share that quality of life with beings he would create; he would look at the earth and see humans live in joy and righteousness and unity—in that he would see himself imaged. He chose to create beings with the capacity to freely choose and why he chose to do that precisely (rather than another kind of being) is an interesting question but it’s not a question he chose to answer. In light of the biblical witness the one thing we’re certain of is this: his motivation is love and his purpose was to be worked out in the long term (see Colossians 1:15-16, where all things were created for Christ as well as in and by him).
God wasn’t ignorant of what his free-choosing human family would choose.
If he knew that the human family would refuse to image him why did he create them? This is another interesting question but it’s not a question he chose to answer. Being a Creator Father he chose to do so. It’s vitally important that we keep in mind that the Holy Father is not revealed as a tyrant! Nor is he revealed in the Bible as one whose single and ultimate center, behind and shaping everything else about him, is raw will; he is not a God of hyper-Calvinism whose final and all-encompassing word is: “I am God and because I am God I will do as I choose—that is what being God means.” 3
God has chosen to work among and with free-choosing humans. His purposes prior to creating humans are geared to work with the creatures he has created. He didn’t create free-choosing humans and then make decrees as if they were puppets nor has he chosen to allow them to be free-choosing humans but to cleverly “work around” their freedom so that in fact they have no God-given freedom.
As long as God chooses humans to be humans (which is what he created and means to bring to glory through Jesus Christ) his eternal decrees work within that purpose; they take into account humans as truly human; he did not and does not work with humans as if they were not humans. When he came in and as Jesus to redeem humans and bring his creation purpose to a glorious finale he came as one “made in the likeness of sinful flesh.” 4
So when we hear God’s truths in texts like Daniel 4:32 & 7:2 that God gives authority to whoever he chooses we’re not to suppose he cancels the humanity of humans—he superintends the movements of humans and gains his purpose through their purposes. 5
Governments and structures that shape the communal life of people were God’s gifts to the human family 6 and they function within and are experienced through the exercise of human freedom. 7 When a psalmist says, “God is good” he often has in mind the blessings of life and peace and prosperity but doesn’t stop to explain that God’s goodness is expressed through wise and God-fearing leadership, wise farming methods 8 and so forth. You understand that these realities are also expressions of God’s goodness but he doesn’t open skulls and pours in information—he works with humans as the creatures he made.
When a psalmist groans under oppression (as multiplied millions even now groan) and wonders where God is there’s nothing mysterious about his agony but in his pain he forgets that God works with humans as humans—of course the psalmist at that moment isn’t interested in philosophy or theology! Where oppression, in all its many forms, exists we have the distortion of human freedom, we have powerful humans rejecting their destiny and commission—they refuse to live in the image of God.
This kind of talk settles nothing but that’s not surprising—it didn’t settle matters for prophets and psalmists who were devoted servants of God; they too wanted to know why God wasn’t doing something about oppressive evil. But even prophets are humans and they feel pain.
It’s a mistake to think that that military tyrants or political villains were born that way. In the beginning they were innocent babies like everyone else and then the world they grew up in shaped them, their DNA and their nurture and their environment pushed and pulled and persuaded them and when the moment arrived they acted as another member of the sinful family—and they exercised their moral freedom to choose in a way that rejected why they were created. They rejected their destiny and commission to be the image of that God, the God and Father of the Lord Jesus Christ. To be the image of God wasn’t enough—like the rest of the human family they chose to be a god 9 only they gained power beyond what the rank and file of us ever had reason to imagine for ourselves.
A young man walks into a Bible study and takes the lives of his fellow-humans. He is responsible for his action and must be held accountable for it but such an action could not have happened in a world where the human family lived as the image of God. The killer didn’t grow up out of the ground like a toadstool in some dark cave and then stumble into the light like a vicious terminator.
There was a time when the parents rejoiced at his arrival, smiled over him and cared for him, then as he grew he heard and saw things in school, at work, in literature, online, movies, from friends, video-games, politics, government, shrewd banking, militia in foreign lands and war—war, where killing violence was felt to be the “final solution” (and good arguments were made to support that view). These and more (name them) and we have the makings of a murderer; these and more and we have another currently interesting case where human moral freedom is corrupted and corrupting; another event that will be forgotten by the media in a month or so.
 Now we’re hearing (yes!) of believers who are talking about the “heat” they're packing while in their Bible classes; 10 now we have believers with weapons holstered under their jackets while in the presence of Christ they worship his Father. To hell with the next stranger who carrying a gun walks into an assembly gathered for worship. The days of Christians walking into arenas singing are long gone. The cross-carrying business is confined to God's unique Son; it has nothing to do with his sons and daughters now. Long before the South Carolina wickedness believers were "packing heat" to worship places and eating the bread and drinking the wine of God's self-giving. I'm well aware that killers can walk into assemblies--it happened more than once when the "troubles" were at their height at home in Ireland. But what are the odds of it happening? I know policemen who leave their "heat" in a safe and secure place when they enter to Supper with the uplifted Christ. They simply can't pack heat (on the off-chance that...) while they hear the Eucharistic word of Christ who "ON THE NIGHT WHEN HE WAS BETRAYED" took bread...and said, This is my body which is given for you." I'm not attempting to "settle" anything here; I'm not even offering an opinion at this point. But is there not something incongruous about eating and drinking that bread and wine in that setting and having a weapon prepared and a heart willing to kill. I have in mind the societal ethos that enables us to even joke about putting the would-be killer down (as I read on a blog very recently). AND THEN the South Carolina city leads the nation in an entirely different direction.
(Is it easy to draw a distinction between what a soldier is doing in Afghanistan with his/her weapon and what a man/woman at home will do with his/hers? Sure, some differences are obvious enough but is the underlying and basic philosophy different?)
Then there’s this. Some of those who suffered the murderous loss of loved ones have spoken forgiveness to the murderer. And I heard more than once from readers, asking if the forgiving ones had the moral right to offer forgiveness to someone who has yet to express even the slightest remorse. I understand the generalized theological question but isn’t it marvelous that the ones who suffer the agony of the loss offer forgiveness and those who suffer no such agony are questioning the morality of the offer?
(To be continued perhaps, God enabling)
1.    John1:1-2; Colossians 1:15-16, 17; Revelation 4:11
2.    Genesis 1:26-27; James 3:9
3.    There are those who quote Romans 9:20-22 claiming that the text supports that view of God . Read for yourself Isaiah 29:13-16 and then Romans 3:3-8 and get the sense of Paul’s point. Paul speaks (as does Isaiah whom he quotes) of people bent on evil and God making use of them in their evil to gain his holy and loving purpose. John Piper, following his hero, Johnathan Edwards, insists that the essence of God—what makes God God is his sovereign will; God’s choosing/willing must be isolated from all else as the definition of “Godness”. Islam shares a similar viewpoint. God’s essence, Piper holds, is a single and solitary thing—he wills! Nothing else makes God to be God. Other things can be said about God but they are beside the point if we want to know what God's essence is. If you stripped away everything else (his love, compassion, mercy, grace, righteousness and so forth) you would discover the center of God, the thing that makes God Godhe wills. This isn't based on texts, of course; it's philosophy and logic. You don't read the Bible and learn about God as God. You go to it with a philosophy and logic and rad the Bible in light of that. That might not be a bad thing unless your philosophy is false and that philosophy and that form of hyper-Calvinism are false.
4.    Romans 8:3 
5.    Genesis 37:11-36; 45:5-8 illustrates this well and see Acts 2:23
6.    Colossians 1:16-17; Romans 13:1-7
7.    The question of “free will” is another complex question. The idea that free will is an absolute is clearly untrue. There are things we will not will because being humans it makes no sense to will but beyond that there are limits to our freedom. Our make-up, our nurture and environment shape us and either diminish or enrich our thought and feeling and behavior so that what we will think or want to choose is shaped. People living in abject poverty and with children starving will be driven to sell a child to feed the others, or sell a child’s kidney to keep the others alive (after the mother has sold one of her own perhaps). We use the word “choice” in such circumstances—“she chose to sell the child’s organ” but the word “choice” doesn’t mean the same thing as it means in other settings. I need to leave the discussion here but write me if you wish to further pursue the matter.
8.    See Isaiah 28:23-39 that tells us that even the wisdom of a farmer comes from God.
9. Genesis 3:4-5
10.     Think of Peter “packing his heat” (a sword) during or after the Supper and Jesus telling him, “Get rid of that thing!” And Jesus telling Pilate, “My kingdom isn’t established (or sustained) with weapons as yours is.” John 18:36

Cows, Kids, and CO2 by Dave Miller, Ph.D.

 https://apologeticspress.org/APContent.aspx?category=7&article=2164

Cows, Kids, and CO2

by  Dave Miller, Ph.D.

The fundamental fallacy of the modern environmental movement is its inherent denial of supernaturalism and metaphysical reality. Rather than acknowledging that the entire Universe was created by the transcendent God of the Bible, Who both prepared and perpetuates the Earth for human habitation (Genesis 1:1-2:19; 8:22; Hebrews 11:3), the environmental movement posits an eternal Universe that must be protected and preserved by humans in order for life to continue. The future of the Earth is viewed as dependent on mankind. If man damages the fragile environment, he is hastening its imminent demise.
It was one thing for those young people who embraced this perspective to march in the streets in the 1960s and promote their wacky ideas. But now that they have moved into powerful political positions, their ideas permeate policy and literally wreak havoc on people’s lives. First it was the “deadly” ozone-depleting hairspray aerosols. Then it was the evil internal combustion engine. Two recent instances demonstrate the absurd extent to which environmentalists are willing to go.
A 400-page United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization report has identified rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the environment (Lean, 2006). We are told that the 1.5 billion cattle of the Earth are responsible for 18% of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming—more than cars, planes, and all other forms of transportation combined. More than a third of the greenhouse gas, methane (which warms the world 20 times faster than carbon dioxide), is emitted by cows and their manure. And it’s not just methane, since cattle also produce more than 100 other polluting gases, including more than two-thirds of the world’s emissions of ammonia—one of the main causes of acid rain (Lean, 2006). That’s right, gaseous expulsions by cows do more to damage the planet than cars. The environmentalists are beside themselves.
But it doesn’t stop there. While it is common for environmentalists to blame mankind as the prime perpetrator of environmental destruction, now one environmentalist insists that, more specifically, children are significant culprits in the human assault on the natural order. Parents, we are told, should limit their offspring to no more than two children in order to reduce carbon dioxide output. The report published by the environmentalist group, Optimum Population Trust, insists that the greatest thing one could do to help the future of the planet would be to have one less child (Templeton, 2007).
The arrogance of measly man thinking he can control the forces of nature by his paltry tinkering with the created order—as if he even had the knowledge and wisdom to do so. Ultimately, this feeble, faltering faux pas manifests willful ignorance and a lack of faith in the Creator. The environmentalists need a healthy dose of spiritual reality—the same one Job received when he thought it necessary to question God’s superintendence of the Universe:
Who is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge? Now gird up your loins like a man, and I will ask you, and you instruct Me! Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding, who set its measurements, since you know? ...You know, for you were born then, and the number of your days is great!....Will the faultfinder contend with the Almighty? Let him who reproves God answer it.... Then I will also confess to you, that your own right hand can save you (Job 38:2-5,21; 40:2,14, emp. added).
If there is no God and evolution is true, then humans are no more valuable than rocks, cockroaches—and, yes, cows. So if we really want to get serious about saving the planet, simply kill all the cows and kids. When humans eliminate God from their thinking and jettison the biblical worldview, insanity begins to sound sensible. That’s the real “inconvenient truth.”

REFERENCES

Lean, Geoffrey (2006), “Cow ‘Emissions’ More Damaging to Planet than CO2 from Cars,” The Independent, December 10, [On-line], URL: http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article2062484.ece.
Templeton, Sarah-Kate (2007), “Children ‘Bad for Planet,’” The Australian, May 7, [On-line], URL: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,21684156-5009760,00.html#.

Big Bang Inflation Officially Bites the Dust by Jeff Miller, Ph.D.



https://apologeticspress.org/APContent.aspx?category=9&article=5164

Big Bang Inflation Officially Bites the Dust

by  Jeff Miller, Ph.D.


Article in Brief...
The pronouncement last year that proof of Big Bang inflation was discovered in the form of gravitational waves has now officially been retracted. The media and the cosmological community has, once again, proven themselves to be irresponsible and rash in their boisterous claims. Inflationary theory, fundamental to the Big Bang Theory, remains without evidence, making its adherents possessors of a blind faith.

The Rise and Fall of Bogus Evidence

In March of 2014, a wave of media attention was given to an announcement by cosmologists who gathered data at the South Pole using a special telescope (BICEP2). The headlines were bold.
  • Theory No More? Scientists Make ‘Big Bang’ Breakthrough with Find” (2014, emp. added).
  • “Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang’s Smoking Gun” (Overbye, 2014, emp. added).
  • “Big Bang’s ‘Smoking Gun’ Confirms Early Universe’s Exponential Growth” (Vergano, 2014, emp. added).
  • “Scientists Find Cosmic Ripples from Birth of Universe” (2014, emp. added).
  • “First Wrinkles in Spacetime Confirm Cosmic Inflation” (Cho and Bhattacharjee, 2014, p. 1296, emp. added).
  • “The recent discovery of gravitational waves emerging from the Big Bang may point a way forward” (Afshordi, et al., 2014, p. 40, emp. added).
  • Detecting primordial gravitational waves is the closest thing to a proof of inflation that we are ever going to get” (Clark, 2014, p. 34, emp. added).
Apparently, inflation was proven. The facts were in. Empirical evidence for the beginning moments of the Big Bang had finally surfaced.
Under the Big Bang model, the Universe is theorized to be expanding outward from the point in space where the cosmic egg allegedly “exploded.” During the first moments after the Big Bang, Universal expansion occurred faster than the speed of light, according to the theory, and this is known as inflation. However, no direct evidence has ever substantiated the claim that the Universe inflated in the violent way implied by the Theory—only circumstantial evidence. According to the model, gravitational waves would accompany the initial, rapid expansion immediately after the “bang,” but no direct evidence has ever surfaced for their existence. The new discovery was hailed as the “first direct evidence” of Universal inflation (“Theory No More?...,” 2014; “Scientists Find Cosmic Ripples…,” 2014; Landau, 2014).
Subsequently, we published an article responding to the claims (cf. Miller, 2014). In typical fashion, we highlighted the rashness of modern naturalists and the media, who make wild claims without adequate evidence. The announcements are loud, and the retractions tend to be soft. Sure enough, within three months, by June of 2014, the alleged findings were studied further, and the excitement of the celebration began to rapidly evaporate. Nature published an article titled, “Big Bang Finding Challenged,” arguing that the signal from the alleged gravitational wav
es
was too weak to be significant, studies suggest…. [T]he new analyses suggest that the twisting patterns in the CMB polarization could just as easily be accounted for by dust in the Milky Way…. [W]hen the dust is fully accounted for, the signal that can be attributed to gravitational waves either vanishes or is greatly diminished (Cowen, 2014, emp. added).
Theoretical physicist of New York University and the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, Raphael Flauger, examined the evidence and concluded that “there’s no evidence for the detection of gravitational waves” (as quoted in Cowen, 2014, emp. added). Based on two independent analyses of the evidence, Nature concluded, “The astronomers who earlier this year announced that they had evidence of primordial gravitational waves jumped the gun” (Cowen, 2014, emp. added). In Nature, theoretical physicist and professor at Princeton Paul Steinhardt said that “serious flaws in the analysis have been revealed that transform the sure detection into no detection” (2014). In an October follow-up, Nature reported in an editorial titled “Dust to Dust,”
More than six months after the initial announcement that scientists had found evidence of gravitational waves—echoes of the Big Bang itself—the claim is hanging by a thread. Subsequent analysis showed that much of the signal could have been contaminated by galactic dust. The predictions of Nobel prizes for the team have faded. The champagne has gone flat. Extraordinary claims, as the saying almost goes, demand more scrutiny than usual to make sure they stand up (2014, emp. added).
The other major science news magazines gradually weighed in as well, distancing themselves from the claims made by the researchers. In June, New Scientist had conducted an interview with Andrei Linde, who is credited as one of the originators of cosmic inflationary theory. Linde said “they were a bit over-optimistic, and claiming the discovery of gravitational waves may have been premature” (as quoted in Schilling, 2014, emp. added), although he was quick to allege that the growing skepticism about the gravitational waves discovery in no way disproves his theory of cosmic inflation. Then in October, 2014, New Scientist reported that the data results from the Planck telescope “suggest that dust could indeed account for the pattern BICEP2 detected” (Slezak, 2014). The article, titled “The Rise and Fall of Cosmic Inflation,” stated, “Inflation is dead, long live inflation! The very results hailed this year as demonstrating a consequence of inflationary models of the universe…may now do the exact opposite. If the results can be trusted at all, they seemingly suggest inflation is wrong” (Slezak, emp. added). David Parkinson of the University of Queensland in Australia studied the waves to determine if they were the correct kind of waves to fit inflationary theory and discovered that they were not. “Contrary to what the BICEP2 collaboration said initially, Parkinson’s analysis suggests that the BICEP2 results, if legitimate, actually rule out any reasonable form of inflationary theory. ‘What inflation predicted was actually the reverse of what we found,’ says Parkinson” (as quoted in Slezak, emp. added). Not good for the Big Bang Theory, which relies on inflation to fix the Horizon and Flatness problems inherent in naturalistic cosmological theories.
In September, American Scientist chimed in, reporting that
cosmologists say the much-heralded claim may have been premature. The findings, if true, would provide the first direct observational evidence for cosmic inflation, a theory that posits that the universe expanded exponentially during the first fractions of a second of its existence…. New observations indicate that the team may have underestimated polarization from relatively nearby dust in our galaxy. Some or all of the signal originally attributed to primordial gravitational waves could be due to effects of local dust (Burke, 2014, emp. added).
Also in September, Science ran an article titled “Evidence for Cosmic Inflation Wanes,” with the sub-title, “The biggest result in cosmology in a decade fades into dust” (Cho, 2014, emp. added). In the issue, Princeton cosmologist David Spergel said, “We’ve gone from ‘They can’t prove that it isn’t dust’ to ‘It’s probably dust’” (as quoted in Cho). Cosmologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland Charles Bennett, mercifully said, “They just got overenthusiastic, but it’s tough to know when you really have something” (as quoted in Cho, emp. added).
Nature, New Scientist, American Scientist, Science, and finally, Scientific American jumped into the fray, reporting in October concerning the alleged gravitational waves discovery that
in the intervening months, the Planck satellite has reported new measurements that indicate the Milky Way may contain more dust than assumed by the BICEP2 team. Several groups have…concluded that it is possible that dust could reproduce all (or most of) the claimed BICEP2 polarization signal. Although these developments have dampened the exuberance of many in the physics community regarding the BICEP2 result, the BICEP2 team stands by its estimates—but it now admits that it cannot rule out a dust explanation (Krauss, 2014, p. 66, emp. added).
The printers were relatively silent over the next few months until late January, 2015, when Nature announced the official demise of the gravitational waves discovery under the title, “Gravitational Waves Discovery Now Officially Dead” (Cowen, 2015, emp. added). The team of astronomers that thought they had found the waves withdrew their claim, acknowledging that what they thought was gravitational waves from the Big Bang “can be entirely attributed to dust in the Milky Way rather than having a more ancient, cosmic origin” (Cowen, emp. added).

What Can Be Learned From This Debacle?

It was fun while it lasted,” New Scientist reported in February (McKee, 2015), but what do we learn from the bumpy ride? At the risk of beating a dead horse, let us say yet again: the modern scientific (i.e., naturalistic) community and the liberal media are consistently rash in their claims to have found evidence for naturalistic theories,
and sadly, the general populace is quick to believe whatever they say. By the time the retraction is made, the damage is done. Mainstream Americans, whose attention spans are shockingly short due to the many distractions in our lives, have already moved on, believing that the truth has been officially determined. Many times, the “truth” being proclaimed is contrary to the Bible. The result: more and more individuals distrust the Bible, when all the while, the story that instigated the disbelief was wrong in the first place.
Even the evolutionary scientific community has had to admit its rashness in this instance. In September, 2014, Science reported, “A beleaguered claim that appeared to reveal the workings of the big bang may instead say more about how science is done in an age of incessant news coverage” (Cho). Science, which was one of the first to announce the alleged discovery, proceeded to pass the blame to the researchers. “Some researchers say the BICEP team made its result seem much stronger than it was by announcing it in a press conference and a press release that proclaimed the ‘first direct evidence of cosmic inflation’” (Cho). The BICEP2 team returned fire, arguing that they “felt pressure from the media to stake a definite claim, [University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, cosmologist Clement] Pryke says: ‘They’re trying to translate this into something that the public can understand, and they want a yes or no’” (Cho). In line with what we have long argued, Steinhardt concurred: “The sudden reversal should make the scientific community contemplate the implications for the future of cosmology experimentation and theory” (2014). Chiding the irresponsibility of the scientific community and the media for their rashness in reporting the gravitational waves discovery, he admonished that next time,
announcements should be made after submission to journals and vetting by expert referees. If there must be a press conference, hopefully the scientific community and the media will demand that it is accompanied by a complete set of documents, including details of the systematic analysis and sufficient data to enable objective verification (2014).
We are not holding our breath that the scientific community will listen to his admonitions. First, it is critical that researchers and media gain attention for  their discoveries or stories if they want to gain grant money, Nobel Prizes, or Pulitzers (and fame). And second, if solid, empirical evidence were required for every claim made by naturalists, the majority of evolutionary biological information would cease to exist, as well as all of Big Bang cosmology, modern paleoanthropology, and uniformitarian geology. Nature, acknowledging the blunder by the media in how the supposed discovery was handled, but simultaneously claiming innocence, reported a meeting in October of the Council for the Advancement of Science Writing, at which a panel of scientists and journalists would “search for ‘lessons learned by scientists and science writers involved with the BICEP2’ story” (“Dust to Dust,” p. 274).
After citing the official retraction by the BICEP2 team, New Scientist summarized the state of Big Bang inflation as it currently stands:

The discovery of the apparent gravitational waves was hailed as the “smoking gun” for a theory that the infant universe experienced an epic growth spurt known as inflation. Physicists popped corks in elation and dreamed of a Nobel prize. But 11 months later, this smoking gun has itself gone up in smoke, and researchers are nursing a hangover. “We are pretty much back to where we were before,” says Alan Guth of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who proposed the theory of inflation in 1981 (McKee, 2015).
So where were we before?
In the midst of the fray in 2014, Paul Steinhardt, “who helped develop inflationary theory but is now a scathing critic of it” (Slezak), wrote a stinging critique of inflation and its alleged evidence from the gravitational waves. He argued that “[p]remature hype over gravitational waves highlights gaping holes in models for the origins and evolution of the Universe” (Steinhardt, 2014). He said,
The BICEP2 incident has also revealed a truth about inflationary theory. The common view is that it is a highly predictive theory. If that was the case and the detection of gravitational waves was the “smoking gun” proof of inflation, one would think that non-detection means that the theory fails. Such is the nature of normal science. Yet some proponents of inflation who celebrated the BICEP2 announcement already insist that the theory is equally valid whether or not gravitational waves are detected. How is this possible? The answer given by proponents is alarming: the inflationary paradigm is so flexible that it is immune to experimental and observational tests…. [T]he paradigm of inflation is unfalsifiable…. [I]t is clear that the inflationary paradigm is fundamentally untestable, and hence scientifically meaningless (2014, emp. added).
And that, folks, is the state of inflationary theory—and, we might add, the Big Bang Theory, upon which it rests.

REFERENCES

Afshordi, Niayesh, Robert B. Mann, and Razieh Pourhasan (2014), “The Black Hole at the Beginning of Time,” Scientific American, 311[2]:36-43, August.
Burke, Katie (2014), “Big Bang Breakthrough Disputed,” American Scientist, 102[5]:329, September-October.
Cho, Adrian (2014), “Evidence for Cosmic Inflation Wanes,” Science, 345[6204]:1547, September 26.
Cho, Adrian and Yudhijit Bhattacharjee (2014), “First Wrinkles in Spacetime Confirm Cosmic Inflation,” Science, 343[6177]:1296-1297, March 21.
Clark, Stuart (2014), “The End of the Beginning,” New Scientist, 222[2966]:32-35, April 26.
Cowen, Ron (2014), “Big Bang Finding Challenged,” Nature, 510[7503]:20, June 5.
Cowen, Ron (2015), “Gravitational Waves Discovery Now Officially Dead,” Nature.com, January 30, http://www.nature.com/news/gravitational-waves-discovery-now-officially-dead-1.16830.
“Dust to Dust” (2014), Nature, Editorial, 514[7522]:273-274, October 16.
Krauss, Lawrence M. (2014), “A Beacon from the Big Bang,” Scientific American, 311[4]:58-67, October.
Landau, Elizabeth (2014), “Big Bang Breakthrough Announced; Gravitational Waves Detected,” CNNTech On-line, March 18, http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/17/tech/innovation/big-bang-gravitational-waves/.
McKee, Maggie (2015), “Big Bang Discovery Crumbles to Dust,” New Scientist, 225[3007]:10, February 7.
Miller, Jeff (2014), “Was the Big Bang Just Proven by Astronomers?” Reason & Revelation, 34[6]:81-83, June, http://apologeticspress.org/apPubPage.aspx?pub=1&issue=1156.
Overbye, Dennis (2014), “Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang’s Smoking Gun,” New York Times On-line, March 17, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/18/science/space/detection-of-waves-in-space-buttresses-landmark-theory-of-big-bang.html?_r=0.
Schilling, Govert (2014), “Making Cosmic Waves,” One Minute Interview, New Scientist, 222[2974]:27, June 21.
“Scientists Find Cosmic Ripples from Birth of Universe” (2014), Fox News On-line, March 17, http://www.foxnews.com/science/2014/03/17/major-discovery-smoking-gun-for-big-bang-expansion-found/.
Slezak, Michael (2014), “The Rise and Fall of Cosmic Inflation,” New Scientist, 224[2989]:8, October 4.
Steinhardt, Paul (2014), “Big Bang Blunder Bursts the Multiverse Bubble,” Nature, 510[7503]:9, June 5.
“Theory No More? Scientists Make ‘Big Bang’ Breakthrough with Find” (2014), Fox News Mobile, March 18, http://www.foxnews.mobi/quickPage.html?page=22995&external=2582508.proteus.fma#quickPage_html_page_22995_content_102688773_pageNum_2.
Vergano, Dan (2014), “Big Bang’s ‘Smoking Gun’ Confirms Early Universe’s Exponential Growth,” National Geographic Daily News, March 17, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/14/140317-big-bang-gravitational-waves-inflation-science-space/#.UymgsYXDWRg.