http://apologeticspress.org/AllegedDiscrepancies.aspx?article=1381&b=Ephesians
Taking Possession of What God Gives: A Case Study in Salvation
by
Eric Lyons, M.Min.
Kyle Butt, M.Div.
Relatively few within Christendom would deny that eternal salvation is a
free gift from God. The New Testament is replete with statements
stressing this point. The most oft’-quoted verse in all of Scripture
teaches this very fact: “God so loved the world that He gave His only
begotten Son...” (John 3:16). God did not offer the gift of eternal life
to the world because of some great accomplishment on the part of
mankind. Rather, as Paul wrote to the church at Rome, “God demonstrates
His own love toward us, in that
while we were still sinners, Christ died for us” (5:8). Later, in that same chapter in Romans, Paul spoke of the
“free gift” of spiritual life through Christ (5:15-21). He wrote to the church at Corinth, indicating that it is God “who
gives us the
victory through our Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Corinthians 15:57, emp.
added). And earlier in this epistle, Paul expressed gratitude for the
Corinthians and their salvation, saying, “I thank my God always
concerning you for
the grace of God which was
given to you
by
Christ Jesus” (1:4, emp. added). Truly, God gives His grace away to
anyone who will humbly and obediently accept it (James 4:6; 1 Peter 5:5;
cf. Revelation 22:17). It is, as so many have noted,
unmerited favor.
A CASE STUDY IN “TAKING
POSSESSION” OF WHAT GOD GIVES
To better understand the relationship between God’s gifts and man’s
reception of those gifts, it is helpful to study one particular gift
from God—one that is mentioned in the pages of the Old Testament more
times than any other thing that God is ever said to have given. If a
person were to open a concordance and look up the word “give” or one of
its derivatives (i.e., gave, given, giving, etc.), he would discover
that whenever this word is found in conjunction with something God does,
or has done, it is used more in reference to the land of Canaan (which
God
gave to the descendants of Abraham) than with any other
subject. Although the Old Testament mentions numerous things that God
gave the Israelites (e.g., manna, quail, water, rest, etc.), the gift of
God cited most frequently (especially in Genesis through Joshua) is
that of God giving the Israelites the land of Canaan. He promised to
give
this land to Abraham almost 500 years before his descendants finally
“received” it (Genesis 12:7; cf. 13:15,17; 15:7; 17:8). While the
Israelites were still in Egyptian bondage, God spoke to Moses, and said:
“I will bring you into the land which I swore to give to Abraham,
Isaac, and Jacob; and
I will give it to you as a heritage: I am
the Lord” (Exodus 6:8, emp. added). After the Exodus from Egypt, God
instructed Moses to send twelve men “to spy out the land of Canaan,
which I am
giving to the children of Israel” (Numbers 13:2, emp.
added). In the book of Leviticus, one can read where Jehovah gave the
Israelites laws concerning leprosy—laws that He introduced by saying,
“When you have come into the land of Canaan,
which I give you as a possession...”
(Leviticus 14:33-34, emp. added). During the years of wilderness
wanderings, God reminded Israel of this gift numerous times—and it
always was spoken of as a gift, never as an earned possession.
Notice, however, some of the things that the Israelites still had to
do
in order to “take possession” (Numbers 13:30; Joshua 1:15) of this
gift. They had to prepare provisions (Joshua 1:11), cross the Jordan
River (Joshua 3), march around the city of Jericho once a day for six
days, and seven times on the seventh day (Joshua 6:1-4), blow trumpets
and shout (Joshua 6:5), and then utterly destroy all that was in Jericho
(Joshua 6:21). They also proceeded to do battle with the inhabitants of
Ai (Joshua 8). Joshua 10 records how the Israelites “chased” and
“struck” the inhabitants of the southern part of Canaan (Joshua 10:10).
They then battled their way up to the northern part of Canaan, and took
possession of it, too (Joshua 11). Finally, after the land on both sides
of the Jordan had been divided among the Israelites, the Bible records
how Caleb courageously drove out the giant descendants of Anak from
Hebron. He
seized the land
given to him by God (Joshua
14:6-15; 15:13-19; Judges 1:9-20). Such is an overriding theme
throughout the first six books of the Bible—“
The Lord gave to Israel all the land of which He had sworn to give to their fathers, and
they [Israel] took possession of it” (Joshua 21:43, emp. added).
Perhaps the fact that God
gave this land to the Israelites was never made clearer than when Moses spoke to them just prior to their entrance into Canaan.
So it shall be, when the Lord your God brings you into the land of
which He swore to your fathers, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to give
you large and beautiful cities which you did not build, houses full of
all good things, which you did not fill, hewn-out wells which you did
not dig, vineyards and olive trees which you did not plant—when you have
eaten and are full—then beware, lest you forget the Lord, Who brought
you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage....
He brought us out from there, that He might bring us in, to give us
the land of which He swore to our fathers (Deuteronomy 6:10-12,23).
God did not award this land to the Israelites because of some mighty
work on their part. This land, which flowed “with milk and honey”
(Numbers 13:27), was not a prize handed out to them because of some
great achievement by the Israelites (cf. Deuteronomy 7:7). They did not
deserve it. The Israelites did not purchase it from God with any kind of
earned income. They did not
earn the right to be there. God, Who owns everything (Psalm 24:1; 89:11),
gave it to them as a gift.
It was free.
God described it as a gift when He first promised it to Abraham
(Genesis 12:7), and He described it as a gift after Israel inhabited it
hundreds of years later (Joshua 21:43). It was unmerited. The
Israelites’ acceptance of God’s gift, however, did not exclude
effort on their part.
When it comes to the
spiritual Promised Land that God has freely
offered to anyone who will “take” it (Revelation 22:17; Titus 2:11; cf.
Matthew 11:28-30), some have a difficult time accepting the idea that
man must
put forth effort in order to receive it. Many today have come to the conclusion that effort
cannot
be part of the equation when the Bible speaks of God’s gracious gifts.
The idea is: “Since God’s grace cannot be earned or merited, then anyone
who claims that human effort is involved in its acceptance is in
error.” Clearly, though, many scriptures indicate that man’s efforts are
not always categorized as works of merit. God
gave the
Israelites freedom from Egyptian bondage, but they still had to put
forth some effort by walking from Egypt, across the Red Sea, and into
the Wilderness of Shur (Exodus 15:22; cf. Exodus 16:32; Joshua 24:5).
The Israelites did not “earn” Canaan, but they still exerted much effort
(i.e., they
worked) in possessing it. God
gave the Israelites the city of Jericho (Joshua 6:2). But, He gave it to them only
after
they followed His instructions and encircled the city for seven days
(Hebrews 11:30). Furthermore, Israel did not deserve manna from heaven;
it was a free gift from God. Nevertheless, if they wanted to eat it,
they were required to put forth effort in gathering it (Exodus 16;
Numbers 11). These Old Testament examples clearly teach that something
can be a gift from God, even though conditions must be met in order for
that gift to be received.
This point also can be understood effectively by noting our attitude
toward physical gifts today. If a friend wanted to give you $1,000,000,
but said that in order to receive the million dollars you had to pick up
a check at his house, take it to the bank, sign it, and cash it, would
any rational person conclude that this gift was earned? Of course not.
Even though some effort was exerted to receive the gift, the effort was
not a work of merit. Similarly, consider the young boy who is on the
verge of drowning in the middle of a small lake. If a man heard his
cries, and then proceeded to save the boy by running to the edge of the
lake, inflating an inner tube, tying some rope around it, and throwing
it out to the young boy who was struggling to stay afloat, would any
witness to this event describe the young boy as “saving himself ” (or
“earning” his rescue) because he had to exert the energy to grab the
inner tube and hold on while being pulled onto the bank by the passerby?
No. A gift is still a gift even when the one receiving it must exert a
certain amount of effort in order to possess it.
“TAKING POSSESSION” OF SALVATION
The New Testament leaves no doubt that the grandest of all gifts
(salvation through Christ—a spiritual gift that was in God’s mind
“before the foundation of the world”—Ephesians 1:4; 3:11) is not the
result of any kind of meritorious work on the part of man. The apostle
Paul stressed this point several times in his writings. To the
Christians who made up the church at Ephesus, he wrote: “For by grace
you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the
gift of God, not of works, lest anyone should boast” (Ephesians 2:8-9).
In his epistle to Titus, Paul emphasized that we are saved, “not by
works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy”
(3:5). Then, again, while writing to young Timothy, Paul highlighted the
fact that we are saved by the “power of God,” and “not according to our
works” (2 Timothy 1:8-9). This truth cannot be overly stressed;
however, it can be, and has been, perverted and misrepresented.
Unfortunately, some have come to the conclusion that man plays no part
in his being saved from sin by God. They teach: “Salvation is a gift of
God that is from nothing we do ourselves” (Schlemper, 1998). Or,
“Salvation is a gift from God—we do nothing to get it” (MacPhail, n.d.).
“[W]e do nothing to become righteous...God did all that was necessary
in His Son” (“The Godhead,” n.d.). The truth is, however, when it comes
to the gift of salvation that God extends to the whole world (John
3:16), there are requirements that must be met on the part of man in
order for him to receive the gift. Contrary to what some are teaching,
there is something that a person must
do in order to be saved.
The Jews on Pentecost understood this point, as is evident by their
question: “Men and brethren, what shall we
do?” (Acts 2:37).
Saul, later called Paul (Acts 13:9), believed that there was something
else he needed to do besides experience a personal encounter with the
resurrected Lord on his way to Damascus, for he asked Jesus, “Lord, what
do You want me to
do?” (Acts 9:6). And the jailor at Philippi,
after observing the righteousness of Paul and Silas and being awakened
by the earthquake to see the prison doors opened (Acts 16:20-29), “fell
down trembling before Paul and Silas...and said, ‘Sirs, what must I
do
to be saved?’ ” (Acts 16:30). If those who responded to these questions
(Peter in Acts 2, Jesus in Acts 9, and Paul and Silas in Acts 16) had
the mindset of some today, they should have answered by saying, “There
is nothing for you to do. Just wait, and salvation will come to you.”
But their responses were quite different from this. All three times the
question was asked, a command to
do something was given. Peter
told those on Pentecost to “repent and be baptized” (Acts 2:38); Paul
and Silas instructed the Philippian jailor and his household to
“[b]elieve on the Lord Jesus Christ” (Acts 16:31); and Jesus commanded
Saul to “[a]rise and go into the city, and you will be told what you
must do” (Acts 9:6). Notice that none of them gave the impression that
salvation involves us “doing
nothing.” Jesus told Saul that he
“must do”
something. When Saul arrived in Damascus as Jesus had directed him, he
did exactly what God’s spokesman, Ananias, commanded him to do (Acts
22:12-16; 9:17-18). Similar to how the land of Canaan was “received” by
an active Israel, so the free gift of eternal life is received by man
taking action.
Much controversy within Christendom is caused by disagreement on how
much action an alien sinner should take. Since God has extended to
mankind an indescribable (2 Corinthians 9:15), undeserved gift, we are
told that the acceptance of such a gift can involve only the smallest
amount of effort, else one might be accused of salvation by “works of
righteousness.” Usually, this action is said to involve nothing more
than confessing faith in Jesus as the Son of God, and praying that He
will forgive sins and come into a person’s heart (see “Prayer of
Salvation,” n.d.). This, we are told, is man’s way of “taking
possession” of God’s grace. Allegedly, all one must do in order to lay
hold on the eternal life that God freely gives to all is to
[a]ccept Christ into your heart through prayer and he’ll receive you.
It doesn’t matter what church you belong to or if you ever do good
works. You’ll be born again at the moment you receive Christ. He’s at
the door knocking.... Just trust Christ as Savior. God loves you and
forgives you unconditionally. Anyone out there can be saved if they
accept Christ, now! Let’s pray for Christ to now come into your heart
(see Staten, 2001).
The prayer that the alien sinner is urged to pray, frequently goes something like this:
Lord Jesus, I need You. Thank You for dying on the cross for my sins. I
open the door of my life and receive You as my Savior and Lord. Thank
You for forgiving my sins and giving me eternal life. Take control of my
life. Make me the kind of person You want me to be (see McDowell, 1999,
p. 759).
According to The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association Web site, in an
article titled, “How to Become a Christian,” “[w]hen you receive Christ
into your heart you become a child of God, and have the privilege of
talking to Him in prayer at any time about anything” (“How to Become a
Christian,” n.d.). This is what many within Christendom believe one must
do to take possession of God’s grace. The overriding thought seems to
be, “There can’t be much involved in getting saved, because God saves,
not man. We have to make it as easy and painless as possible so that no
one will accuse us of ‘salvation by works.’ ”
Contrary to the above statements, the New Testament gives specific
prerequisites that must be followed before one can receive the atoning
benefit of Christ’s blood (Revelation 1:5; 1 John 1:7). These conditions
are neither vague nor difficult to understand. A person must confess
faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God (John 8:24; Romans 10:9-10; cf. 1
Timothy 6:12), and he must repent of his past sins (Acts 26:20; Luke
13:3; Acts 2:38). Although these prerequisites are slightly different
from those mentioned above by some modern-day denominational preachers,
they are genuinely accepted within the Protestant world. By meeting
these conditions, most people understand that a person is merely
receiving God’s grace (by following God’s plan). Few, if any, would
accuse a man who emphasizes these prerequisites of teaching “salvation
by works of merit.”
However, the Bible discusses yet another step that precedes salvation—a
step that has become unquestionably controversial within
Christendom—water baptism. It is mentioned numerous times throughout the
New Testament, and both Jesus and His disciples taught that it
precedes salvation (Mark 16:16; Matthew 28:19-20; Acts 2:38). The apostle Paul’s sins were washed away only
after he was immersed in water (Acts 22:16; cf. Acts 9:18). [NOTE:
Even though it was on the road to Damascus that Paul heard the Lord,
spoke to Him, and believed on Him (Acts 9), Paul did not receive
salvation until he went into Damascus and was baptized.] The book of
Acts is replete with examples of those who did not receive the gift of
salvation until after they professed faith in Christ, repented of their
sins, and were
baptized (Acts 2:38-41; 8:12; 8:26-40; 10:34-48;
16:14-15; 16:30-34; 18:8). Furthermore, the epistles of Peter and Paul
also call attention to the necessity of baptism (1 Peter 3:21;
Colossians 2:12; Romans 6:1-4). If a person wants the multitude of
spiritual blessings found “in Christ” (e.g., salvation—2 Timothy 2:10;
forgiveness—Ephesians 1:7; cf. Ephesians 2:12; etc.), he must not stop
after confessing faith in the Lord Jesus, or after resolving within
himself to turn from a sinful lifestyle. He also must be “baptized
into Christ” (Galatians 3:27; Romans 6:3) “for the remission of sins” (Acts 2:38).
So why, one might ask, if so many passages of Scripture teach the
necessity of baptism, is there so much controversy about baptism being a
condition of salvation? Several reasons could be mentioned here (e.g.,
“The thief on the cross was saved, yet not baptized. Thus, we do not
have to be baptized to be saved.” For a full refutation of this line of
reasoning, see Miller, 2003), but one that is extremely popular (and has
been for some time) is the idea that baptism is a “work.” And, since we
are not saved by “works” (Ephesians 2:8-9), then, allegedly, baptism
cannot be required in order to receive (or “take possession of ”—cf.
Revelation 22:17) salvation. Notice how some religionists have expressed
these sentiments.
In Part three of a series of articles on baptism, called the “FUD Series” (FUD
standing for Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt), Darrin Yeager wrote: “The
act of baptism is a work (or ritual). Paul makes clear the point works
do not (and cannot) save us. Even the faith we have is a gift of God.
Since works cannot save us, baptism plays no part in the salvation of
the believer” (2003). Yeager concluded this article by saying: “Its
[sic] tragic baptism has become such a point of contention in the
church. Considering the whole counsel of God, several points become
clear.” Included in those points was: “Baptism is a work, and the Bible
is clear works to [sic] not save us.... [B]aptism is absolutely,
positively
not required for salvation” (emp. in orig.).
In an article titled, “What Saves? Baptism or Jesus Christ?,” Buddy
Bryant cited Titus 3:5, and then wrote: “Baptism is a work of
righteousness and we are not saved by works of righteousness which we
have done” (n.d.).
Under the heading, “Water Baptism is Not for Salvation,” one church Web site exclaimed: “Water baptism
is
a ‘work of righteousness’.... Our sins were not washed away by water,
but by the Lord Jesus Christ...” (see “Water Baptism,” n.d., emp. in
orig.). Similarly, another church Web site ran an article titled, “Does
Water Baptism Save?,” declaring: “Water baptism is a
work (something
that man does to please God), and yet the Bible teaches again and again
that a person is not saved by works” (see “Does Water,” n.d.,
parenthetical item and emp. in orig.).
These statements summarize the feelings of many within Christendom
concerning baptism: “It is a ‘work,’ and thus not necessary for the
person who wants to be saved.” The truth of the matter is, however, when
careful consideration is given to what the Bible teaches on this
subject, one will find no discrepancy between the idea that man is saved
“by grace...through faith” (Ephesians 2:8-9) and not by works, and at
the same time is saved
following baptism.
Part of the confusion concerning baptism and works is the result of
being uninformed about the biblical teaching regarding works. The New
Testament mentions at least four kinds of works: (1) works of the Law of
Moses (Galatians 2:16; Romans 3:20); (2) works of the flesh (Galatians
5:19-21); (3) works of merit (Titus 3:4-7); and (4) works resulting from
obedience of faith (James 2:14-24; Luke 17:10; cf. Galatians 5:6). The
first three works mentioned here certainly do not lead to eternal life.
The last category frequently is referred to as “works of God.” This
phrase does not mean works
performed by God; rather, the intent is “works
required and approved by
God” (Thayer, 1977, p. 248, emp. added; cf. Jackson, 1997, 32:47).
Consider the following example from Jesus’ statements in John 6:27-29:
Work not for the food which perisheth, but for the food which abideth
unto eternal life.... They said therefore unto him, What must we do,
that we may work the works of God? Jesus answered and said unto them, This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent (ASV, emp. added).
Within this context, Christ made it clear that there are works that
humans must do to receive eternal life. Moreover, the passage affirms
that
believing itself is a work (“This is the
work of God, that ye
believe on him whom he hath sent”). It therefore follows that if one is saved
without any type of works, then he is saved
without faith, because
faith is a work. Such a conclusion would throw the Bible into hopeless confusion!
Will anyone step forward and espouse the idea that faith is a
meritorious work? Can a person “earn salvation” by believing in Christ?
To this day, we have never heard anyone assert that belief is a work of
merit. Although it is described in the Bible as being a “work,” we
correctly understand it to be a condition upon which one receives
salvation. Salvation is still a free gift from God; it is the result of
His grace and Jesus’ work on the cross, not our efforts.
But what about baptism? The New Testament
specifically excludes
baptism from the class of human meritorious works unrelated to
redemption. In fact, the two books where the apostle Paul condemns most
vehemently the idea of salvation by works—Romans and Galatians—are the
very books that relate the fact that water baptism places a person “into
Christ” (Romans 6:3; Galatians 3:27). Also, the fact that baptism is
not a work of merit is emphasized in Titus 3:4-7.
For we ourselves were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived,
serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful
and hating one another. But when the kindness and the love of God our
Savior toward man appeared, not by works of righteousness which we have
done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the washing of
regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit, whom He poured out on us
abundantly through Jesus Christ our Savior, that having been justified
by His grace, we should become heirs according to the hope of eternal
life.
This passage reveals at least three things. First, we
are not saved
by works of righteousness that we do by ourselves (i.e., according to
any plan or course of action that we devised—see Thayer, 1977, p. 526).
Second, we
are saved by the “washing of regeneration” (i.e., baptism), exactly as 1 Peter 3:21 states (see also Ephesians 5:26). [NOTE:
Even Baptist theologian A.T. Robertson believed that the phrase
“washing of regeneration” refers specifically to water baptism (1931,
4:607).] Thus, in the third place, baptism is excluded from all works of
human righteousness that men contrive, but is itself a “work of God”
(i.e., required and approved by God) necessary for salvation.
When one is raised from the watery grave of baptism, it is according to
the “working of God” (Colossians 2:12), and not any manmade plan.
Although many have tried, no one can suggest (justifiably) that baptism
is a meritorious work of human design, anymore than he can logically
conclude that Naaman “earned” his physical cleansing of leprosy by
dipping in the River Jordan seven times (see 2 Kings 5:1-19). When we
are baptized, we are completely passive. If you really think about it,
baptism is something done
to a person, not
by a person (thus, one hardly can have performed any kind of meritorious “work”).
TAKING POSSESSION OF
SALVATION “BY FAITH”
The Bible, in a multitude of passages, affirms that people are saved
by, because of, on account of, or through their faith. Paul wrote to the
Roman Christians: “Therefore, having been justified by faith (
pistis),
we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ” (Romans 5:1). A
few chapters earlier, Paul declared: “Therefore we conclude that a man
is justified by faith (
pistis) apart from the deeds of the law” (3:28). The writer of the book of Hebrews concluded that “without faith (
pistis) it is impossible to please Him, for he who comes to God must believe (
pisteuo)
that He is, and that He is a rewarder of those who diligently seek Him”
(11:6). In Ephesians 2:8-9 we read: “For by grace you have been saved
through faith (
pistis), and that not of yourselves; it is the
gift of God, not of works, lest anyone should boast.” With this tiny
sampling of verses about faith, it is easily seen that every person who
is saved must have faith. But what is biblical faith?
The word translated “faith” in each of the above verses derives from the Greek noun
pistis (the verb form of which is
pisteuo). Respected Greek scholar Joseph Thayer said that the word
pistis
in the New Testament is used of “a conviction or belief respecting
man’s relationship to God and divine things, generally with the included
idea of trust and holy fervor born of faith and conjoined with it”
(1977, p. 512). When the verb form
pisteuo is used “especially of
the faith by which a man embraces Jesus,” it means “a conviction, full
of joyful trust, that Jesus is the Messiah—the divinely appointed author
of eternal salvation in the kingdom of God, conjoined with obedience to
Christ” (Thayer, p. 511).
The word
pisteuo often is translated by the word “believe.” For
instance, in Acts 10:43, the apostle Peter spoke of Jesus, saying: “To
Him all the prophets witness that, through His name, whoever believes (
pisteuo)
in Him will receive remission of sins.” The apostle Paul wrote: “It
pleased God through the foolishness of the message preached to save
those who believe (
pisteuo)” (1 Corinthians 1:21). Paul, in
Romans 10:11, made a similar statement when he declared: “For the
Scripture says, ‘Whoever believes (
pisteuo) on Him will not be put to shame.’ ”
These verses, taken by themselves, seem to suggest that any person who
maintains a mere mental conviction that Jesus is the Son of God has
eternal life. Many people (and denominations) have taken such a
position. Baptist scholar L.S. Ballard, in his debate with Thomas B.
Warren, affirmed this position: “The Scriptures teach that faith in
Christ procures salvation without further acts of obedience” (Warren and
Ballard, 1965, p. 1). Herschel Hobbs declared: “Instantaneous salvation
refers to redemption from sin (Acts 2:21; Romans 10:10). This
experience occurs immediately upon one’s believing in Jesus Christ as
one’s Saviour” (1964, p. 90). Albert Mohler, in discussing his
particular denomination, stated: “We cherish the gospel of Jesus Christ
as the means of salvation to all who believe. We know that there is
salvation in the name of Jesus and in no other name. Sinners come to
Christ by faith, and are justified by
faith alone” (2001, p. 63, emp. added).
It is to those last two words that we must direct our attention—“faith
alone.” Mohler (and most of the denominational world) teaches that a
person can be, and is in fact, saved by faith alone, or faith only. This
idea of “faith only” was popularized by Martin Luther in the sixteenth
century. The Catholic Church of Luther’s day had grown corrupt, and was
prescribing a host of unscriptural ways to obtain forgiveness.
Forgiveness could be obtained, according to the Catholic Church, by
purchasing “indulgences,” and a soul could be “bought” out of Purgatory
if the proper amount of money flowed into the Church’s coffers. In
reaction to this “works-based” plan of forgiveness, Martin Luther
developed his idea of a “faith-only” plan of salvation. He took this
idea so far, in fact, that when he translated Romans 3:28, he inserted
the word
alone into the text so that it would read, “We reckon therefore that a man is justified by faith
alone apart from the works of the law,” even though the word
alone
is not found in the original text (see Lewis, 1991, pp. 353ff.).
Luther’s “faith only” doctrine has become a principal tenet in the
thinking and teaching of most denominations.
Interestingly, even though Martin Luther often taught that salvation is
based on faith alone, and is not received based upon a person’s
meritorious works, he did not take “faith alone” to mean that mere
mental assent to Christ’s deity was sufficient to obtain salvation.
Luther’s idea of faith alone does not conform to the modern-day idea
that baptism is a work, and cannot be required for salvation. According
to Luther:
[I] affirm that Baptism is no human trifle, but that it was
established by God Himself. Moreover, He earnestly and solemnly
commanded that we must be baptized or we shall not be saved.... The
reason why we are striving and battling so strenuously for this view of
Baptism is that the world nowadays is full of sects that loudly proclaim
that Baptism is merely an external form and that external forms are
useless.... Although Baptism is indeed performed by human hands, yet it
is truly God’s own action (1530, pp. 98-99, emp. added).
Four primary lines of reasoning show that the Bible does not teach a
“faith only” or “belief only” plan of salvation. First, numerous
passages insist that other things besides belief in Christ are necessary
to obtain salvation. Second, biblical faith involves not only mental
assent, but also obedient action to God’s commands. Third, the book of
James explicitly says that no man is justified “by faith only.” And
fourth, the Bible contains examples of people who believed (
pisteuo) in Jesus, yet who still were lost.
First, numerous Bible passages insist that something other than a mere
belief in Christ is necessary to obtain salvation. Concerning
confession, Paul wrote: “For with the heart one believes to
righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made to salvation”
(Romans 10:10). In Luke 13:3, Jesus declared to His audience: “Unless
you repent, you will all likewise perish.” The inspired historian, Luke,
in the book of Acts, recorded that God had “also granted to the
Gentiles repentance to life” (Acts 11:18). After healing the lame man,
Peter instructed his audience to “repent therefore and be converted,
that your sins may be blotted out” (Acts 3:19). We see in these verses
that belief, confession, and repentance are required of all who desire
to obtain salvation through Christ.
Another item that the New Testament writers included as necessary for
salvation is obedience. Hebrews 5:9 states: “And having been perfected,
He became the author of eternal salvation to all who obey Him.” Peter
made the statement, “For the time has come for judgment to begin at the
house of God; and if it begins with us first, what will be the end of
those who do not obey the gospel of God” (1 Peter 4:17). In the second
epistle to the Thessalonians, Paul forewarned that Christ one day will
execute judgment on those who “do not know God, and on those who do not
obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ” (1:8).
The list of things required of a person in order to obtain salvation
could go on: hope (Romans 8:24), baptism (Acts 2:38; 1 Peter 3:21), and
love (1 John 4:7-8) are just a small sampling. The point is that none of
these things, in and of itself, saves anyone. Faith without confession
does not save. Confession without hope cannot save. And obedience
without love is powerless to obtain salvation. The “faith only” doctrine
is in error because it bases its entire case for salvation on one
aspect listed in the New Testament. Using that type of logic, a person
could turn to 1 John 4:7-8—“Beloved let us love one another, for love is
of God; and everyone who loves is born of God and knows God”—and say
that love is the only thing necessary for salvation—apart from faith or
repentance.
In several of these verses, we see the New Testament writers using one
or more figures of speech. For instance, the figure of speech known as
synecdoche, in which a part of a thing is used to describe the whole, is
used often in passages that discuss salvation. Dungan wrote:
This is many times the case with the salvation of sinners. The whole
number of conditions are indicated by the use of one. Generally the
first is mentioned—that of faith—because without it nothing else could
follow. Men were to call on the name of the Lord, in order to be saved
(Romans 10:17); they must believe on the Lord Jesus Christ (Acts 16:31);
they must repent of their sins (Acts 17:30); they must be baptized in
the name of the Lord (Acts 22:16). But it is common to have one of these
mentioned, without any statement to the presence of any other (1888, p.
305).
E.W. Bullinger, arguably the most respected scholar in the world on
figures of speech in the Bible, specifically mentioned 1 John 4:15 as an
example of a biblical idiom. He commented that the phrase, “to
confess,” in this verse means more than a simple verbal statement. The
phrase “is used of abiding in the faith, and walking according to truth”
(1968, p. 828).
In truth, it would be possible to go to any number of verses and pick
out a single thing that the verse says saves a person. According to the
Bible, love, repentance, faith, baptism, confession, and obedience are
but a few examples of the things that save. However, it would be
dishonest, and poor Bible scholarship, to demand that “only” repentance
saves, or “confession alone” saves, or that “baptism by itself ” has the
power to save. In the same sense, one cannot (justifiably) pick the
verses that mention faith and belief, and demand that a person is saved
by “faith only” or “belief alone.”
Second, the biblical use of the word faith involves much more than mere
mental assent to a certain fact. It also involves obedience to God’s
commands. Recalling Thayer’s definition of the word, faith is “a
conviction, full of joyful trust, that Jesus is the Messiah—the divinely
appointed author of eternal salvation in the kingdom of God,
conjoined with obedience to Christ”
(1977, p. 511, emp. added). Throughout the New Testament, we see this
definition of “obedient belief ” used by the inspired writers. In 1
Peter 2:7, the apostle wrote: “Therefore, to you who
believe, He is precious; but to those who are
disobedient,
‘The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief
cornerstone’ ” (emp. added). In this verse, Peter used disobedience as
the opposite of belief. The Hebrews writer also equated unbelief and
disobedience. In Hebrews 3:18-19, the Israelites were not allowed into
the Promised Land because they “did not obey” (3:18). But the next verse
states: “So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief ”
(3:19). And Hebrews 4:6 also declares that they “did not enter because
of disobedience.”
Repeatedly, faith is coupled with action in the New Testament. In Galatians 5:6, we read that “faith
working
through love” is the process that avails for salvation. Hebrews 11,
recognized by Bible students as “the faith chapter,” shows this action
process by using Old Testament examples of individuals who pleased God.
By faith, Abel “offered” (vs. 4); by faith, Noah “prepared” (vs. 7); and
by faith, Abraham “obeyed” (vs. 8). Verse 30 of this chapter
demonstrates perfectly the relationship between belief and action. The
verse states: “By faith the walls of Jericho fell down after they were
encircled for seven days.” Joshua and the Israelites believed that God
would give them the city of Jericho, but that belief was effective only
after they “encircled” the city for seven days.
Another good example of the biblical use of “belief coupled with
action” is found in Acts 16. Paul and Silas were in prison, and were
singing hymns when an earthquake loosed their chains. The Philippian
jailer in charge of the prison thought his prisoners had escaped, and
was about to kill himself, when Paul and Silas stopped him. Immediately,
the jailer inquired: “Sirs, what must I do to be saved?” (vs. 30). They
replied: “Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and you will be saved, you
and your household” (vs. 31).
Then they spoke the word of the Lord to him and to all who were in his
house. And he took them the same hour of the night and washed their
stripes. And immediately he and all his family were baptized. Now when
he had brought them into his house, he set food before them; and he
rejoiced, having believed in God with all his household (vss. 32-34, emp. added).
When the jailer asked what he needed to do to be saved, Paul and Silas told him to “believe (
pisteuo)
on the Lord Jesus Christ.” Yet the passage does not say he “believed”
until after he had been baptized. His belief was coupled with obedience.
A similar situation is found in Acts 2. In that chapter, Peter’s
listeners asked him, “Men and brethren, what shall we do?” (vs. 37).
“Then Peter said to them, ‘Repent, and let every one of you be baptized
in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins’ ” (vs. 38). A few
verses later, we read that about three thousand souls were obedient to
Peter’s plea and were baptized. Then, in verse 44 the Bible describes
the obedient group of followers by saying, “Now all who believed were
together.”
But some object to this biblical usage, and maintain that such a use
contradicts passages like Romans 3:28 and Ephesians 2:8-9, which teach
that a person is not saved by works. First, Romans 3:28 does not
separate faith from all works; rather, it states: “Therefore we conclude
that a man is justified by faith apart from the deeds
of the law”
(emp. added). The “law” discussed here is the Law of Moses, as is shown
by Paul’s references to circumcision in verse 30. This passage does not
say that faith saves apart from all works, but apart from works of the
Law of Moses. Ephesians 2:8-9 states that a person is saved “by grace
through faith...not of works,” yet verse 10 says Christians are created
in Christ Jesus “for good works,” and the rest of the chapter discusses
how the Jews and the Gentiles were both justified because the “law of
commandments” (i.e., the Law of Moses) had been abolished (2:15). No
person has ever been righteous enough to earn his or her salvation. Nor
had any person been able to comply fully with the Law of Moses in order
to earn salvation. But that does not mean that faith “apart from all
action” saves a person. In fact, just the opposite is the case.
The second chapter of the book of James deals a crushing blow to the
doctrine of “faith only.” Verses 14-26 systematically eliminate the
possibility of a person being saved by “faith only.” James wrote to the
Christians, asking, “What does it profit, my brethren, if someone says
he has faith but does not have works? Can faith save him?” These
rhetorical questions demand a “No” answer. Then, in verse 17 he
declared: “Thus also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is
dead.” He went on to say that Abraham “was justified by works when he
offered Isaac his son on the altar. Do you see that faith was working
together with his works, and by works faith was made perfect” (vss.
21-22)? Of course, Abraham did not earn his salvation, nor was he saved
because of a sinless adherence to the Law. On the contrary, he was saved
by “offering” and “working” exactly as God commanded him. Abraham first
showed his active faith when he obeyed God’s call to leave his homeland
(Hebrews 11:8). He continued to show his active, living faith when he
offered Isaac. Throughout his life, he was saved because he obeyed the
“works of God”—works that God approved in order to obtain salvation.
James further commented: “You see then that a man is justified by works, and
not by faith only”
(vs. 24, emp. added). It is interesting to note that this is the only
place in the entire New Testament where the words “faith only” are found
together, and it
explicitly states that a person is not saved by faith only.
James concluded his chapter on faith with this statement: “For as the
body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.”
Faith without the “works of God” is a dead faith that cannot save.
Abraham was justified after he “offered,” the walls of Jericho fell by
faith after they were “encircled,” the Philippian jailer’s belief was
not complete until he was baptized, and Noah’s faith caused him to
“prepare.” It is the case that if the Israelites had not walked around
Jericho, the walls would not have fallen, regardless of their belief. It
is the case that if Noah had not “prepared” the Ark, he would not have
been saved from the Flood, regardless of what he believed about God’s
warning. And it is the case that if a person does not confess Christ,
does not repent of his sins, and is not baptized for the remission of
those sins, then that person will not be saved, regardless of what he or
she believes about Christ.
In order to prove this last statement, we move to the fourth objection
regarding “faith only”—the Bible refers to individuals who believed (
pisteuo)
that Jesus was the Son of God, yet who still were lost. In Mark
1:21-28, the Scriptures record an instance in which Jesus was confronted
by a man with an unclean spirit. Upon contacting Jesus, the spirit
“cried out, saying, ‘Let us alone! What have we to do with You, Jesus of
Nazareth? Did You come to destroy us? I know who You are—the Holy One
of God’ ” (vss. 23-24). No one would argue that the demon was saved just
because he believed that Jesus was the “Holy One of God.” Why not? For
the simple reason that, although the unclean spirit acknowledged the
deity of Jesus, he was not willing to penitently obey Christ. James, in
his moving chapter on faith, said as much when he wrote: “You believe
that there is one God. You do well. Even the demons believe—and tremble!
But do you want to know, O foolish man, that faith without works is
dead” (2:19-20)?
The inspired apostle John documents another example of a group of
people who “believed in” Christ, but who were lost in spite of their
belief. In John 12:42-43, the text reads: “Nevertheless even among the
rulers many believed (
pisteuo) in Him, but because of the
Pharisees they did not confess Him, lest they should be put out of the
synagogue; for they loved the praise of men more than the praise of
God.” Is it the case that these rulers of the Jews were saved because
they believed in Jesus, even though they were too scared to confess him?
To ask is to answer. They were lost, even though they “believed (
pisteuo) in Him.”
CONCLUSION
The Bible nowhere teaches that a person can be saved by “faith only.”
No mere mental consent to the deity of Christ can save (cf. Matthew
7:21). True biblical faith in Christ is belief in His deity,
conjoined with
obedience to His commandments. Saving faith always has been made
complete and living only through obedience to God’s commands. It is a
living faith that “works through love” to accomplish the “works approved
by God.” It is a living faith that brings about repentance, confession,
submission to water baptism, and love for God and one’s fellow man.
Similar to how Israel received the Promised Land from God after
following His instructions, today, any alien sinner can “take
possession” of the free gift of salvation at any time by taking these
steps.
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